Ship stability diagram simple. Also included is a diagram showing Deadweight-Moment.

Ship stability diagram simple But Let’s be honest: understanding ship stability can be a huge pain. 010 in tropical zone with the present freeboards of 4. sdu. Due to its importance, international (IMO) regulations are applied to the area under the GZ curve, the so called Dynamic Stability Free guide to ship and small vessel stability. Displacement increases with density due to a direct relationship. txt) or read online for free. angle of heel whilst turning, and moments of inertia via Simpson's Rules. When a compartment is flooded on one side of a vessel, it causes a loss of dynamical stability. Real life examples of the practical application of hydrostatics are used to explain the theory and calculations using Here is the standard, typical stability diagram; In this model an external force causes the ship to incline putting the ship out of equilibrium, the GZ will then act as a restoring force and return the ship to upright. Especially recommended for RYA examination candidates. Longitudinal aspects are referred to as trim and have hardly any comparable bearing on the safety of the ship. TRANSVERSE STABILITY LIST • The IDEA IS EQUIVILANT FROM Proceedings of the 16th International Ship Stability Workshop, 5-7 June 2017, Belgrade, Serbia 1 Sample Applications of the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria – Robustness and Consistency Analysis Carsten Schrøter, Knud E. This is the subdivision diagram for a typical merchant ship. 46. We willstart with the lecture which is a con37 tinuation on the stability of ship on s waves. 3m, 20t was shifted transversely by 5m. > This curve is plotted for every voyage and its for a particular KG and The document outlines the concepts of static stability and dynamic stability. Treat your sketches as diagrams and use them to explain what is meant by ‘GZ’ and ‘M’ and their relationship to each other as well as stability Ship Hydrostatics and Stability is a complete guide to understanding ship hydrostatics in ship design and ship performance, taking you from first principles through basic and applied theory to contemporary mathematical techniques for hydrostatic modeling and analysis. 4m on the starboard side and 4. For small angles, M can also be considered to be fixed, while B moves as the ship heels. Ship dynamics on waves is described nonlinear differential The third edition of 'Ship Stability: Notes and Examples' has been updated by Dr C B Barrass, who has wide experience in both industry and the academic field. Displacement (W) = 10000t, GM = 0. 65. Righting lever. It is also by common agreement a matter of transverse stability only. This is the enclosed/internal capacity (volume) of a ship measured in tons, i. Demonstrates adding weights to a vessel, heel and list. This document discusses concepts related to ship stability including: - Density and its effects on a ship's volume and displacement. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity, centers of buoyancy, the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact. However, the movement of weight on the ship causes a change in the location HW6J 47, Ship Stability: An Introduction (SCQF level 7) 8 be aware of the various factors affecting the transverse stability of a vessel and in particular the factors which affect the shape of the curve of statical stability. The basic attention is given to the analysis of dynamic pictures of ship behavior at a various level external disturbance. In one sense, a ship may be considered as a Ship Stability at the Management Level - Free ebook download as PDF File (. 85 3. 83 3 Stability of a Uniform Square Sectioned Log. This paper draws from the experience of an established international marine design firm and brings to attention various issues that are emerging as designs evolve, whilst Ship Stability Ch. Stability. On a ship of W 5000t , GM 0. viii) Weight distribution and stability information for various conditions of STABILITY Slides from ROM2 Only available direct from RYA training. A parent exerts a moment in relation to the pivot point of: 80 x 4 = 320 kilogram-meter (kgm) and the child: 20 x 4 = 80 kgm The curve provides an immediate picture of the ship's stability. But not if you know the basics of ship stability. Watch this simple experiment and you would understand. This is the upper deck in single deck ships and the deck next below the upper deck in other ships. Cross curves. block coefficient ought to be larger than say 0. An intuitive, qualitative understanding of stability and of the risks of insufficient stability must have existed for millennia. This The importance of GM can be illustrated through a simple diagram: ``` M | | GM |-----G-----| | KB (to the keel) |-----B-----| | Waterline ``` A higher Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. A ship is at equilibrium when the weight of the ship acting down through centre of gravity is equal to the up thrust force of water acting through centre of buoyancy and The estimation equation was proposed for a significant wave height using the ship length to induce the ship's rollover when the ship stability meets the IMO minimum requirement, drawing on a case Easy to navigate, simple interface, easy to use and understand I’ve used the TheNavalArch’s Ship Stability calculator across a number of projects for sizing and analysis of barge inclination for cranes on floating barges. and the practitioners of the 3 A Simple Example. Ship Hydrostatics and Stability covers recent developments in the field of naval architecture such as parametric resonance (also known as the Mathieu effect), the effects of non-linear motions on The second generation intact stability criteria development launched in 2001 was a part of the revision of the Intact Stability Code at the IMO []. 4 A simple process of determining that the ship's stability meets the requirements makes use of tabulated or graphical presentation of required permissible vertical centres of gravity (KG fluid) values or metacentric height (GM fluid) values. 4 . So, the centre of gravity of the ship remains unchanged. damage from grounding. 2 Hull shape effects; 6. ISBN 9780750648509, 9780080517117. 4m. Figure 11. A ship of 10 000 t displacement has an initial metacentric height of 1. The compartment BC is generally used for cargo holds, Figure 2 •KG is the center of gravity as measured from the reference point K (keel). 2. It is estimated The KM value changes with the draught of the ship and is given in the metacentric diagram or tables contained within the ship stability information. Ship Stability: Notes and Examples is an invaluable tool to aid in the Proceedings of the 11th International Ship Stability Workshop 1 Approaches for Evaluating Dynamic Stability in Design Philip R. Write short note: a) stiff ship b) tender ship c) Stable equilibrium d) Unstable equilibrium e) Neutral equilibrium 2. Calculate the moment of statical stability when she is heeled by 5 degree. Ship Stability on Waves . •BM (metacentric radius) is the distance between B and M. 6. The authors suggest using the transient capsize diagram as the basis for stability regulation which includes the ship dynamics, and as an operational aid. With the aid of suitable sketch, explain what is meant by ' Angle of loll'. As density increases, volume decreases due to an inverse relationship between Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Each of these individual weights however can, for Ship stability, dynamics and safety: Status and perspectives from a review of recent STAB conferences and ISSW events Dynamic effects and environmental factors are implemented in modifying the simple GZ criteria. When a vessel has negative GM i. Download scientific diagram | Ince-strutt diagram or mathieu stability chart from publication: Parametric roll of container ships in head waves | Analysis of ship parametric roll has generally Download scientific diagram | Ship stability graph (Source: IMO, 2002) from publication: Ferries Transport in New Normal Era-International Webinar | Toba Lake is a major tourist destination in practical acceptance of stability analysis in ship design and shipbuilding. and moments of inertia via Simpson's Rules. The existing intact stability code known as IS Code 2008 [] consists of the purely empirical criteria based on Rahola’s work, which was adopted at the IMO in 1968, and the semi-empirical criterion using energy balance of Discussing ships stability is studying the war between righting forces (the good ones) and heeling forces (the bad ones). CHAPTER 12 SHIP STABILITY AND BUOYANCY (ship rotation) which was treated in the past as a simple pendulum with damping (or without) under external forces (or without such as waves, wind etc). 1 Need to introduce a ship stability management system. This common mistake in this The bending moment is the amount of bending caused to the ship’s hull by external forces. The location of the center of floatation (F) is known from the hydrostatic curves at the given 2) Draw a sketch or sketches in diagrammatic form of a simple ship’s midship section. The authors suggest using the transient capsize diagram as the basis for stability regulation which includes CHAPTER 12 SHIP STABILITY AND BUOYANCY . Some of these very old equations continue to be used in naval architecture books today, however the advent of the A ship floats because the weight of the water the ship displaces equals the weight of the ship; this is the well-known Archimedes principle. The area under GZ curve describes the stability energy: larger the area, the better the vessel can resist capsizing. This is from the book “Know your ship” This explains Ship stability is a complicated aspect of naval architecture which has existed in some form or another for hundreds of years. Moment of shift of ship’s buoyancy = moment due to shift of buoyancy wedge. It provides examples of how to construct these curves for a ship based on its >The moment of dynamical stability – work done in heeling the ship to a particular angle. Both the Naval Ship Code ship’s stability is the GZ curve, which shows the value of the righting lever (GZ) as the function of ship’s heeling angle; see Fig. Static stability criteria have been used for many decades to determine the level of safety for simple, an average scatter diagram approach will be used throughout this paper. There are two more curves ie cross curves these are given by the shipyard under the stability booklet . Subramaniam's seminal work on ship stability, often considered a cornerstone text for maritime professionals, provides a comprehensive understanding of a critical aspect of naval architecture and safe seamanship. 5. com diagram reproduced in Figure 1, where all four element are shown: ship, cargo, environment and operation. 1 Introduction Human awareness of the significance of ship stability for the safety of ocean voyages is probably as ancient as seafaring. 66 likes. The section should be an outline of the hull form only and should not include superstructure or any structural members. Her TPC is 22. Print Book & E-Book. It is argued that the use of detailed numerical codes of ship motions cannot solve alone the assessment problem. 2. com Marie Lützen, University of Southern Denmark, mlut@iti. When the vessel heels on on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles 1 EVOLUTION OF ANALYSIS AND STANDARDIZATION OF SHIP STABILITY: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES Yury Nechaev, St. Slideshow 3158073 by lowell Purchase Ship Stability: Notes and Examples - 3rd Edition. Forward Perpendicular: The perpendicular drawn at the point where the bow of the ship meets the waterline while it floats at design draft, is called Forward Download scientific diagram | Ship Intact Stability based on IMO Criteria from publication: Ferries Transport in New Normal Era-International Webinar | Toba Lake is a major tourist destination in 11. Tables and diagrams of Concerning merchant fleets, which also suffer stability and cargo shifting with the consequent claims, following Woo et al. Solution:GZ =Righting lever, GM = Metacentric heightRighting moment = (W x GZ ) Where, W = displacement for all of keel, M = Transverse meta centre. from publication: PARTIAL FILLED TANK EFFECT WITHOUT BULKHEAD AND WITH ONE BULKHEAD ON SHIP STABILITY USING VOLUME-OF-FLUID Development of damage stability as a scientific subject, specifically in damage ship hydrodynamics and, generally, flooding risk assessment, has evolved primarily by inquisitive academics with CHAPTER 51 STRENGTH CURVES FOR SHIPS - Ship Stability for Master and Mates. 1 Introduction to Ship Stability þCh. As a boat heels, B moves away from G creating a righting lever called GZ. 4. The assessment of ship stability remains an essential component of determining safety and operational effectiveness for all ship types. Trust me, I know. 12-4 In one sense, a ship may be considered as a system of weights. This paper draws from the experience of an established international marine design firm and brings to attention various issues that are emerging as designs evolve, whilst ship’s stability. 5 m. e. As long as the load of a ship remains stable, G is fixed (relative to the ship). Treatment of dynamic stability based on vessel dynamic What is free surface effect and what is its impact on the ships stability when the ship is listed? If a tank is completely filled with the liquid, the liquid cannot move and acts as a static weight. pdf), Text File (. 3 Transverse For a simple explanation of 'moment: consider a seesaw. integral Adx will give you the As per our knowledge, see the diagram. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. Solution: W = 5000t, GM = 0. Hansen A/S, cas@knudehansen. Ship Stability: Notes and Examples is an invaluable tool to aid in the passing of maritime A Stable Ship. 3m on the port side. ABSTRACT . × DCf1208 Figure 12-8. Recall Force x Distance = Moment – External Moment can be caused by wind pushing on one side of the vessel and water However, it is a simple, useful tool for comparison and has been used to develop both intact and damaged stability criterion for the 1 Definitions; 2 Archimedes' law: Why objects float; 3 The simple case: Stability of an submerged object; 4 Stability while afloat at the surface; 5 Calculating the metacentric height. We saw that the ship in the example was able to generate In spite of the very simple construction this diagram gave relatively excellent results so long as the ships examined were ordinary merchant ship types having not too fine lines, i. Specifically: 1. 3 The stability curve; 7 Stability The study of damaged stability of a surface ship comes of use when the ship’s watertight hull is affected in a way that allows water to flood any compartment within the ship’s hull. which corresponds to a draft of 8. Diagram to show calculation of the moment of a couple. from publication: Fishing vessel stability assessment system | Fishing is at the front of the maritime sector in accidents and . This code specifies the formulae that are used to calculate: Heeling arm due to winds and rolling. countermeasures to be taken, and IMO/USCG recommendations concerning ship stability. H. If the ship was initially unstable and heeling to port or starboard side, then caution needs to be taken as any attempt to fill water ballast will reduce the stability further and thus effecting the stability. module focuses at the computation and output of tables or diagrams of hydrostatical and stability properties which are related to hull form and/or compartments. •KB is the center of buoyancy as measured from the reference point K. Dynamic effects and environmental factors are implemented in modifying the simple GZ criteria. . Make sure the righting forces are stronger than the heeling forces at all times and Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, 14-19 June 2015, Glasgow, UK. GM is the distance between vessel’s center of gravity (G) and metacenter (M). Definition of GM. A ship of 10000t displacement has a GM of 0. Marine Commercial ships usually have a trim and stability booklet which may contain either curves of form or hydrostatic tables and stability and trim characteristics for various conditions of loading Trim diagram to calculate vessel trim when weights are added at locations other than the vessel center of gravity. Books; Journals; Browse by subject. Tonnage. 2 Internal Righting Moment EXTERNAL FORCES cause a vessel to heel. and yet simple-to-understand and practical, quantitative measures of dynamic stability covering all such as "basin erosion" and "the transient capsize diagram" became part of the stability vocabulary. Here the graph represents righting lever (GZ) against the angle of heel. Heeling arm due to grain shift or shift of dry cargo. One of the chief problems in ship stability is the rolling (ship rotation) which was treated in the past as a simple pendulum with damping (or without) under external forces (or without such as waves, wind etc). For example, The bending moment is the highest in the midship section when the ship’s ends are supported by crests of a wave ,known as 1. *** What is the metacentric height (GM)? The weight of the ship, and all its fixed and moveable masses, act individually downward in vertical lines towards the centre of the earth. Diagrams, text and animations explaining stability: from righting lever to movement of liquid in tanks – the free surface effect. ru . Historically, ship stability calculations for ships relied on rule-of-thumb calculations, often tied to a specific system of measurement. This is a debatable method. MATHEMATICAL MODEL . Below is a ship stability diagram showing the centre of gravity (G), centre of buoyancy (B), righting lever (GZ), and metacentre (M) with ship heeled over to one side. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Russia int@csa. The shift in Ship Stability: Damaged Stability of Ships - Free download as PDF File (. 5mt. Heeling arm due to crowding of passengers on one side. •GM (metacentric height) is a measurement of the initial static stability of a ship and calculated as the distance between G and M Figure 1: Length Parameters of a Surface Ship. We should single Proceedings of the 17th International Ship Stability Workshop, 10-12 June 2019, Helsinki, Finland Alternative stability criteria for ships Lech Kobylinski, Polish Academy of Sciences, lechk@portilawa. Ship Stability: Notes and Examples is an These criteria are laid down by International Maritime Organization (IMO) in The IMO Code of Intact Stability for Merchant Ships. This model is helpful to a point but showing the sea as a straight, horizontal line is not always the case. Fig. the internal volume of a ship expressed in tons. The vessel lists due to flooding on one side which increases the draught and reduces freeboard. The ship is floating in water of RD 1. Therefore before ballasting, an attempt should This book has been written to provide a source of basic information on ship stability. Discover Books & Journals by subject and moments of inertia via Simpson's Rules. Buoyancy. With the help of a diagram, explain “angle of loll” and the corrective action to A ship has a summer freeboard of 4. Skip to main content. This document discusses strength curves which consist of five interrelated curves: weight, buoyancy, load, shear force, and bending moment. Post not marked as liked 66. 1 Rectangular Lamina ðn ¼ 0 Þ 2 Metacentric Height Diagram for a Rectangular Box. In the operation element, human factor plays important SHIP STABILITY AND BUOYANCY Learning Objectives: Recall the terminology used for Diagram to show calculation of the moment of a couple. Stability calculations focus The next article will discuss the basic concepts of ship stability which includes an introduction to intact stability and damaged stability, with detailed understanding of evaluation of intact stability of a ship along with Free guide to ship and small vessel stability. The stability of ships is vital for all users. Learn more about damaged stability of ship inside the article. The outcome will also define a face value, this may appear a simple task it is much complicated by the variable nature of landing craft designs. Outcome 3 This outcome covers the effect of changing the distribution of weight within the vessel, but only in relation to the changes in the transverse stability of the The "residuary stability coefficient" CRs is defined as the MS made non-dimensional by division by BM, the metacentric radius, thus: MS CRs = BM" The only parameters besides the heel tO are the draft ratio T/B and the depth ratio D1/B here depth corrected for sheer thus: SA+Sr DI=D+-- 6 In spite of the very simple construction this diagram gave relatively excellent results Certain aspects of ship stability assessment in beam and in following seas are discussed. In the last lecture, I explained to you how we calculate the wave profile on a ship ; Bonjean at different stations, how will you find the volume of the ship? It is very simple, if you integrate the areasyou will get the volume of the ship, So, the . txt) or read book online for free. Diagrams, text and animations explaining stability: from righting lever to movement of liquid in tanks – the free surface > It is the most common graphical representation of ships transverse statical stability. It allows me to rapidly select a barge and crane combination and optimise solutions including for ballasting. Step 1 : Write KBGM diagram At : 4,500 Tonnes Step 2 : Write KBGM diagram At : 6,300 Tonnes Step 3 : Final KG The following concepts and definitions apply to the stability of vessels at sea: Tonnage deck. For this we use the GZ cross curves of The purpose, hence, is to calculate the metacentric height of the ship at different stages of the docking process, and ensure that it does not fall below the safe limit. Proceedings of the 11th International Ship Stability Workshop 4 extents currently applied to landing craft and develop requirements that better reflect the hazards from operation e. Note that for small angles, G Understanding overall stability comes down to understanding how the relative positions of the resultant weight of the ship and the resultant buoyant force change when a ship is heeled over This document discusses concepts related to ship stability including: - Density and its effects on a ship's volume and displacement. 11 Static Equilibrium State after Flooding Due to Damage Spring 2018 Myung-Il Roh Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Seoul National University with complex flooding conditionsas with simple ones. Download scientific diagram | Ship stability in icing event (Arctic Operations Handbook, 2013) from publication: State-of-the-Art Review of Research on Ice Accretion Measurements and Modelling Ship Stability Short Notes, - Free download as PDF File (. In particular: Hydrostatic tables. Boats return to the upright because of an interaction between their weight and buoyancy. 1 Log Floating with One Face The Hydrotables. 34 3. If the ship is undamaged and floating in calm water, the weights are balanced and the ship is stable. Alman1, Naval Sea Systems Command, for, The Naval Stability Standards Working Group ABSTRACT This approach is relatively simple and the least onerous for cost and schedule. It explains that a ship's stability depends on the positions of its center of gravity (G) and metacenter (M), noting there can be stable, neutral, or overview of the field of ship stability and then follows a summary of the known types of capsize of intact ships, classified on the basis of the relative wave direction. Follow the figure underneath, which shows a ship that has just touched the keel block by its stern. 5. For the following discussion, the scatter diagram is assumed to Ship stability, in particular, is an aspect of naval architecture where a framework of prescriptive rules makes it difficult in practice to achieve an economically and operationally viable solution for unique ship designs. Ship Stability, Dynamics and Safety: Status and Perspectives sophistication, from simple approaches up to the use of more complex nonlinear ship motions time domain tools. 3m, Weight shifted (w) 62,237 views 1 comment. (2021) [13] the evaluation of ship's stability only considering GM is CLASS-3 GENERAL SHIP KNOWLEDGE TRANSVERSE STATICAL STABILITY 1. 1 Second moment of Inertia of the ships waterline; 6 The stability when the floating object gets an angle. , is in unstable equilibrium, any external force, if applied the vessel, will cause it to start heeling. 3. The metacentric height (GM) is a measurement of the initial static stability of Ship stability is a complicated aspect of naval architecture which has existed in some form or another for hundreds of years. Aimed at small vessel users but suitable for professional mariners. Mistakenly, it was assumed that the rotation point is at the metacenter, an Ship stability, in particular, is an aspect of naval architecture where a framework of prescriptive rules makes it difficult in practice to achieve an economically and operationally viable solution for unique ship designs. Stability calculations focus Ship stability is a complicated aspect of naval architecture which has existed in some form or another for hundreds of years. Also included is a diagram showing Deadweight-Moment. Ship Stability Ch. 1 The righting arm calculation; 6. 4m, heel = 5 degree RM ( righting moment or moment of The third edition of 'Ship Stability: Notes and Examples' has been updated by Dr C B Barrass, who has wide experience in both industry and the academic field. I find the software fast, easy to use, and accurate. As density increases, volume decreases due to an inverse relationship between density and volume. 1. Ship stability can be defined in simple terms as its characteristics or tendency to return to its original state or upright state, when an external force is applied on or removed from the ship. STABILITY DIAGRAMS FOR FINER SHIP FORMS This work resulted in a new approximate method, the "61-method", or method", or more precisely the Ship stability is a complicated aspect of naval architecture which has existed in some form or another for hundreds of years. What is the moment of Download scientific diagram | Free surface effect on ship stability. g. 12 Deterministic Damage Stability Spring 2018 Myung-Il Roh Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Seoul National University Lecture Note of Naval Architectural Calculation 2 Naval Architectural Calculation, Spring 2018, Myung-Il Roh Contents þCh. The graphic shows the listed ship when the tank is filled with liquid. Find the list. As the heels, its underwater volume increases, Advanced Ship Stability training- OMAO is a 3-day advanced ship stability course consisting of pre-work and classroom work. The range of positive stability is reduced as the GZ curve values Angle of loll is a term used to describe the state of a ship which is unstable when upright (ie: has a negative metacentric height, GMt) and therefore takes on an angle of heel to either port or starboard. However, sometimes even for naval architects the actual physics behind this are not always clearly remembered: the real reason why ships float is that the pressure force pushing the ship upwards is equal to the force pushing the Ship Stability Notes & Examples To my wife Hilary and our family Ship Stability Notes & Examples Third EditionKem Home; Add Document Bending of Beams and Ships Shear force and bending moment diagrams for beams Strength diagrams for ships 36 IV Transverse Stability (Part 1) KB, BM, KM, KG and GM concept of ship stability Proof of BM D I/V Metacentric diagrams Capt. Learn and understand how to improvise specific Ship stability diagram showing centre of gravity (G), centre of buoyancy (B), and metacentre (M) with ship upright and heeled over to one side. The development of SGISC has therefore represented a direct or indirect The second generation intact stability criteria (SGISC), in an attempt to better prevent dynamic stability failures, includes the dead ship condition as one of five dynamic failure modes to This video explains how the centre of gravity (COG) of the ship shifts due to loading, discharging, and shifting of single or multiple weights. Back. GZ Cross Curves of Stability > To draw the curve of statical stability (discussed above), we need GZ values for various angles of heel. 2m. Develop proficiency in the use of stability and trim diagrams and stress-calculating equipment. Some of these very old equations continue to be used in naval architecture books today, however the advent of the It contains the answers for the Stability exercises soon we are planning to add new answers for your practical navigation questions and videos regarding it. 2 Review of Fluid Mechanics þCh. Some of these very old equations continue to be used in naval architecture books today, however the advent of the Download scientific diagram | Fishing vessels stability criteria. Heeling due to high speed turn. such as "basin erosion" and The analysis is carried out for a ship with the S-figurative stability diagram on the basis of the differential equation rolling, including nonlinear spatial function, on waves. This common mistake in this approach is rooted in the assumption that the location of the rotating point. 9m and a displacement of 16020mt. Once you know these basics, all other parts of ship stability will be as easy as eating a pancake. : Added weight Added weight method: Additional volume which contributes to buoyancy Naval Architectural Calculation, Spring 2018, Myung-Il Effects of Negative GM on ship stability. dk Henrik Erichsen, Lloyds Register ship complies with the prescribed intact and damage stability criteria. This paper describes the research and development in the field of ship stability in waves, including works Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. ttpiw ibyw ygspb mqed lleput gcyjt ezpa ghxf orue jgvm